Cacao sustainability – Cacao Business http://cacaovm.org/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:39:08 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.1.1 https://cacaovm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/profile-150x150.png Cacao sustainability – Cacao Business http://cacaovm.org/ 32 32 The Cultural Significance of Cacao Sustainability https://cacaovm.org/the-cultural-significance-of-cacao-sustainability/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:39:08 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/the-cultural-significance-of-cacao-sustainability/ Cacao is a key ingredient in many of the world’s favorite treats, from hot chocolate to chocolate bars. Its history and cultivation has long been intertwined with the cultures of South and Central America, and its sustainability is of paramount importance to the future of these cultures. This article will explore the importance of cacao sustainability, its impact on the environment, economy, and society, as well as its importance to food security and climate change.

What is Cacao?

Cacao is a tropical tree, native to Central and South America, that produces beans used to make chocolate. The beans are harvested from the fruit of the tree, which contains an edible white pulp around the seeds. The seeds are then fermented, dried, and roasted before being ground into a paste to make chocolate.

What is Sustainability?

Sustainability is a term used to describe practices that are economically, socially, and environmentally responsible. Sustainability is used to ensure the future of our planet and its resources. It is a holistic approach to managing resources, taking into account environmental, economic, and social factors.

Pre-Colombian Cultures

Cacao has been cultivated in Central and South America for thousands of years. It is believed to have originated in the Amazon Basin during the time of the Olmec civilization, and was later adopted by the Maya and Aztec cultures. In these cultures, cacao was used as a currency as well as a food source and medicine.

Cacao and Mayan Culture

The Mayan people are credited with developing the first methods of cultivating and processing cacao beans. They believed that cacao had divine origins and was a symbol of fertility and abundance. The Mayan goddess of fertility, Ixcacao, was believed to have given cacao to the Mayan people.

Cacao in Europe

Cacao was introduced to Europe by Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes in 1528. The Spanish quickly adapted the Aztec method of preparing chocolate, adding sugar and spices to the mix, and introducing the drink to the rest of Europe.

The Spread of Cacao Across the Globe

As chocolate spread throughout Europe, its popularity increased. By the 19th century, cacao plantations had sprung up in Africa and Asia, and the demand for cacao beans had outstripped the supply. This led to the establishment of large-scale plantations, which are still in use today.

What is 

Sustainability is the practice of managing resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is the notion of balancing economic, social, and environmental needs in order to ensure the long-term viability of a resource.

Sustainability Practices

Sustainable practices for cacao production include minimizing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, conserving soil and water, minimizing energy consumption, and maintaining fair labor practices. These practices are used to ensure the long-term viability of the resource and the health of the environment, economy, and society.

Sustainable Cacao Growing

Sustainable cacao growing practices include the use of shade trees, crop rotation, and integrated pest management. Shade trees provide shelter from the sun and reduce the need for water and fertilizer. Crop rotation helps to reduce the spread of pests and diseases and maintain soil fertility. Integrated pest management is the use of biological controls, such as natural predators and parasites, to reduce the use of pesticides.

Cacao Sustainability Challenges

The primary challenge in cacao sustainability is the high cost of production. Sustainable practices require more labor and resources, making them more expensive than traditional farming methods. Additionally, the global demand for chocolate is increasing, driving up the cost of production.

Economic Impact

Sustainable cacao growing practices can have a positive economic impact by providing a stable income for farmers and increasing the value of the crop. This can lead to an increased standard of living for farmers and their families, as well as a greater ability to invest in infrastructure, education, and other resources in their communities.

Environmental Impact

Sustainable cacao growing practices can help to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production. These practices reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, conserve soil and water, and reduce energy consumption. This helps to ensure the long-term viability of the resource and reduces the impact of cacao production on the environment.

Social Impact

Sustainable cacao growing practices can have a positive social impact by creating jobs and providing a stable income for farmers and their families. This can lead to improved living standards and increased opportunities for education and economic development.

Health Impact

Sustainable cacao production can have a positive health impact by reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which can lead to improved water quality and reduced exposure to chemical toxins. This can lead to improved health outcomes for farmers and their families.

Preservation of Biodiversity

Cacao sustainability is important for the preservation of biodiversity. By using sustainable practices, farmers can reduce their impact on the environment and help to ensure the long-term viability of the resource. This can help to ensure that the natural ecosystems of the region are preserved and protected.

Climate Change

Cacao sustainability is important for mitigating the effects of climate change. Sustainable practices can help to reduce the carbon footprint of cacao production, which can help to reduce the overall impact of climate change.

Food Security

Cacao sustainability is important for food security. Sustainable practices can help to ensure the long-term availability of cacao, which can help to ensure that the world’s population is able to access a reliable source of nourishment.

The need for cacao sustainability is clear. Its importance for the preservation of biodiversity, the mitigation of climate change, and the assurance of food security cannot be overstated. It is essential that we continue to promote and support sustainable practices to ensure the future of the cultures and regions that rely on cacao production. The future of cacao sustainability will depend on our collective commitment to protecting the environment, economy, and society that depend on it.

The Need for Cacao Sustainability

Cacao sustainability is essential for the preservation of cultures, the protection of the environment, and the assurance of food security. It is important that we continue to promote and support sustainable practices in order to ensure the future of cacao production.

The Future of Cacao Sustainability

The future of cacao sustainability will depend on our collective commitment to protecting the environment, economy, and society that depend on it. With our continued support and promotion of sustainable practices, cacao production can be a source of economic and social development for generations to come.

References:

Altieri, M.A. (2003). Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agriculture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Espinoza, L. (2020). Chocolate: A Brief History. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/news/chocolate-a-brief-history

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Cacao and its Role in Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/cacao-and-its-role-in-sustainable-development/en/

]]>
Understanding the Environmental Impact of Cacao Sustainability https://cacaovm.org/understanding-the-environmental-impact-of-cacao-sustainability/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:35:04 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/understanding-the-environmental-impact-of-cacao-sustainability/ Cacao, or theobroma cacao, is a tropical tree that is known for its seeds, or cocoa beans, which are the main ingredient in chocolate production. As the world’s demand for chocolate continues to rise, so does the need to ensure the sustainability of cacao production. This article will discuss the environmental, economic, political, and social impacts of cacao sustainability.

What is Cacao?

Cacao is a tropical tree that can only be grown in a narrow band of land near the equator. The tree is native to Central and South America, and the vast majority of the world’s cacao is grown in these regions. The cacao tree produces pods which contain the cocoa beans that are harvested and processed into cocoa powder and chocolate.

Sustainability Challenges

The global demand for chocolate is higher than ever, and the sustainability of cacao production is essential to ensure that the world’s supply of cocoa beans is not depleted. Cacao production can have a significant environmental and economic impact, and there are a number of social and political challenges that must be addressed in order to ensure sustainable cacao production.

Deforestation

Cacao production can have a significant impact on forests and other natural habitats. Cacao plantations often require large areas of land for cultivation, and this can lead to deforestation and the destruction of habitats for wildlife. In addition, the use of pesticides and fertilizers can have an adverse effect on the environment.

Water Usage

Cacao plants need a large amount of water to thrive, and this can lead to water shortages in areas where cacao is grown. In addition, the over-irrigation of cacao plantations can lead to runoff and soil erosion, which can have an adverse effect on the environment.

Soil Erosion

Cacao plantations can lead to soil erosion due to over-irrigation and the use of heavy machinery. This can lead to the loss of topsoil, which is essential for the growth of other crops and for the health of the environment.

Pollution

The use of pesticides and fertilizers on cacao plantations can lead to air and water pollution, which can have an adverse effect on the local environment. In addition, the burning of biomass for energy can lead to air pollution and the release of greenhouse gases.

Cacao Price Volatility

The price of cacao is highly volatile and can be affected by a number of factors, including weather, disease, and political instability. The price of cacao can have a significant impact on the incomes of cacao farmers and on the sustainability of cacao production.

Cacao Farmer Income

Cacao farmers often live in poverty and are not able to earn a living wage. This can lead to a lack of incentives to produce sustainable cacao, which can have an adverse effect on the sustainability of cacao production.

Supply Chain Challenges

The supply chain for cacao is often complex and opaque, and this can lead to inefficiencies and waste. In addition, the transport of cacao can have an adverse effect on the environment.

Organic vs. Conventional

Organic cacao is often more expensive than conventional cacao, and this can lead to a greater demand for conventional cacao. This can have an adverse effect on the sustainability of cacao production, as organic production is often more sustainable.

Human Rights Violations

Cacao production can often lead to human rights violations, such as child labor and exploitation of workers. This can have an adverse effect on the sustainability of cacao production, as it can lead to a lack of incentives for workers to produce sustainable cacao.

Governance Challenges

Cacao production can often be hampered by poor governance, which can lead to corruption and a lack of transparency. This can lead to a lack of incentives for producers to produce sustainable cacao.

Access to Resources

Cacao producers often lack access to resources, such as land, credit, and technology. This can lead to a lack of incentives for producers to produce sustainable cacao.

Child Labor

Cacao production often relies on child labor, which can have an adverse effect on the sustainability of cacao production. Child labor can lead to a lack of incentives for producers to produce sustainable cacao, as well as long-term physical and psychological damage to the children involved.

Poverty

Cacao production can often lead to poverty, as cacao farmers often lack access to resources and are not able to earn a living wage. This can lead to a lack of incentives for producers to produce sustainable cacao.

Gender Inequality

Cacao production can often lead to gender inequality, as women are often excluded from the decision-making process and are not able to access the same resources as men. This can have an adverse effect on the sustainability of cacao production.

Organic Certification

Organic certification can help to ensure that cacao is produced in a sustainable manner, as it requires producers to adhere to specific standards and prohibits the use of certain chemicals and practices.

Fair Trade

Fair trade certification can help to ensure that cacao farmers are paid a fair price for their product, which can help to incentivize sustainable production.

Cocoa Rehabilitation

Cocoa rehabilitation, or the restoration of degraded land, can help to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production and improve the sustainability of the industry.

Family Farming

Family farming can help to ensure that cacao is produced sustainably, as it encourages small-scale production and reduces the environmental impact of cacao production.

Permaculture

Permaculture is a form of agriculture that focuses on sustainability, and it can be used to produce cacao in an environmentally friendly manner.

Agroforestry

Agroforestry is a form of farming that combines trees and crops, and it can be used to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production.

Key Takeaways

Cacao production can have a significant environmental, economic, political, and social impact. Deforestation, water usage, soil erosion, pollution, price volatility, poverty, human rights violations, and gender inequality are all issues that must be addressed in order to ensure the sustainability of cacao production.

Looking Ahead

The sustainability of cacao production is essential to ensure that the world’s supply of cocoa beans is not depleted. Solutions such as organic certification, fair trade, cocoa rehabilitation, family farming, permaculture, and agroforestry can help to ensure that cacao is produced sustainably.

References

1. “Cocoa Production and Processing Technology.” Cocoa Producers Alliance, 2019, https://cocoapro.org/cocoa-production-processing-technology/.
2. “Environmental Impact of Cocoa Production.” Rainforest Alliance, 2016, https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/environmental-impact-cocoa-production.
3. “The Social Impact of Cocoa Production.” Rainforest Alliance, 2016, https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/social-impact-cocoa-production.
4. “Cocoa Sustainability: Key Challenges and Solutions.” World Cocoa Foundation, 2019, https://worldcocoafoundation.org/cocoa-sustainability-key-challenges-solutions/.

]]>
Tips for Creating a Sustainable Cacao Supply Chain https://cacaovm.org/tips-for-creating-a-sustainable-cacao-supply-chain/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:30:57 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/tips-for-creating-a-sustainable-cacao-supply-chain/ Cacao is one of the world’s most popular and important food crops, with an estimated 80% of the world’s production coming from small-scale farmers. However, many of these farmers are facing a number of challenges that impede their ability to produce cacao sustainably. In order to ensure the long-term viability of the cacao supply chain, it is essential to develop a more sustainable approach. This article outlines some tips for creating a more sustainable cacao supply chain.

What is 

A sustainable cacao supply chain is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially responsible. This means that farmers are adequately compensated for their efforts, the environment is protected, and that the rights of workers are respected.

Why is a Sustainable Cacao Supply Chain Needed?

A sustainable cacao supply chain is needed to ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Poor working conditions, environmental degradation, and unfair labor practices have all contributed to a decrease in the quality of cacao and a decrease in the number of farmers willing to produce it. A sustainable approach to production is needed to ensure the future of the industry.

What is the Current State of the Cacao Supply Chain?

The current state of the cacao supply chain is one of instability and insecurity. Many farmers are not adequately compensated for their efforts and are unable to invest in their farms. This has led to a decrease in the quality of cacao and a decrease in the number of farmers willing to produce it. Additionally, many farmers are still using outdated and unsustainable methods of production, leading to further environmental degradation.

What Needs to Change?

In order to create a sustainable cacao supply chain, there needs to be an increase in farmer income, fair labor practices, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility. The focus should be on improving the lives of farmers, the environment, and the communities affected by the supply chain.

Improve Farmer Conditions

Improve Income

One of the most important steps in creating a more sustainable cacao supply chain is to ensure that farmers are adequately compensated for their efforts. This can be done by working with local governments to create incentives for farmers, such as offering tax breaks or providing access to credit. Additionally, buyers should be willing to pay a fair price for the cacao they purchase.

Ensure Fair Labor Practices

It is essential to ensure that farmers are treated fairly and that their rights are respected. This can be done by educating farmers about their rights and by creating policies that protect them from exploitation. Additionally, buyers should be willing to pay fair wages for the cacao they purchase.

Provide Access to Resources

In order to ensure the long-term viability of the cacao supply chain, it is important to provide farmers with access to resources such as land, water, and equipment. This will enable them to produce higher quality cacao and to increase their income.

Reduce Environmental Impact

Adopt Sustainable Growing Practices

In order to reduce the environmental impact of the cacao supply chain, it is essential to promote sustainable growing practices. This can include using more efficient irrigation techniques, limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and planting trees to provide shade to cacao trees.

Develop Alternative Sources of Energy

The use of fossil fuels to power farm equipment has a negative impact on the environment. To reduce this impact, it is important to develop alternative sources of energy, such as solar or wind power, to power farm equipment.

Reduce Use of Pesticides

The use of pesticides is necessary to protect crops from pests, but it can also have a negative impact on the environment. To reduce this impact, it is important to reduce the use of pesticides and to use more natural methods of pest control, such as using beneficial insects or planting cover crops.

Promote Social Responsibility

Educate Consumers

In order to ensure the long-term viability of the cacao supply chain, it is important to educate consumers about the importance of buying sustainably sourced cacao. This can be done through campaigns that raise awareness about the benefits of buying sustainably sourced cacao.

Establish Traceability

In order to ensure transparency and accountability, it is essential to establish traceability in the cacao supply chain. This can be done by tracking the origin of the cacao and ensuring that it is sustainably sourced.

Ensure Transparency

In order to ensure transparency in the cacao supply chain, it is important to make sure that buyers and producers are aware of the conditions under which the cacao is produced. This includes making sure that producers are aware of their rights and that buyers are aware of the environmental and social impacts of their purchases.

Develop a Clear Plan

In order to successfully implement a sustainable cacao supply chain, it is essential to develop a clear plan. This plan should include objectives, strategies, and timelines for achieving the desired outcomes.

Secure Funding

In order to implement a sustainable cacao supply chain, it is essential to secure funding. This can be done by working with local and international organizations to secure grants and other forms of funding.

Train Farmers

In order to ensure that farmers are able to produce sustainable cacao, it is important to provide them with training. This can include training on more efficient farming techniques, sustainable growing practices, and the use of new technologies.

Engage Stakeholders

In order to successfully implement a sustainable cacao supply chain, it is important to engage stakeholders, such as farmers, buyers, and governments. This can be done by hosting workshops and meetings to discuss the challenges facing the industry and how to address them.

Evaluate Impact on Farmers

It is important to evaluate the impact of the sustainable cacao supply chain on farmers. This can be done by monitoring the income levels of farmers and the number of farmers producing sustainable cacao.

Track Environmental Impacts

In order to ensure that the sustainable cacao supply chain is having a positive environmental impact, it is important to track the environmental impacts of the supply chain. This can be done by measuring the amount of water used, the amount of pesticides used, and the amount of land affected by the production of cacao.

Monitor Social Responsibility

It is important to monitor the social responsibility of the cacao supply chain. This can be done by tracking the number of workers who are being paid a fair wage and the number of workers who are receiving adequate benefits.

Creating a sustainable cacao supply chain is essential to ensure the long-term viability of the industry. This requires a focus on improving farmer conditions, reducing environmental impacts, and promoting social responsibility. Implementing a sustainable cacao supply chain requires a clear plan, secure funding, training of farmers, and engagement of stakeholders. Additionally, it is important to monitor the impact of the supply chain on farmers, the environment, and social responsibility.

References:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Cocoa. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/cocoa/en/

Grupo Bimbo. (2018). Bimbo Group Strengthens its Commitment to Cacao Sustainability. Retrieved from https://www.bimbogroup.com/en/news/bimbo-group-strengthens-its-commitment-to-cacao-sustainability/

Rainforest Alliance. (2020). Sustainable Cocoa. Retrieved from https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/sustainable-cocoa

]]>
Exploring Different Types of Cacao Sustainability Initiatives https://cacaovm.org/exploring-different-types-of-cacao-sustainability-initiatives/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:26:08 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/exploring-different-types-of-cacao-sustainability-initiatives/ Cacao is a key ingredient in many of the world’s favorite treats, from chocolate bars to hot cocoa. The cacao tree, native to Central and South America, is the source of all cacao products. As demand for cacao increases, so should the focus on cacao sustainability initiatives.

What is Cacao?

Cacao is the seed of the cacao fruit, which grows on the cacao tree, also known as Theobroma cacao. The cacao tree is a tropical evergreen tree, which produces fruit year-round. The cacao fruit has a sweet, juicy pulp, which surrounds the cacao beans. The beans are dried, roasted, and ground into a paste, which is then used to make chocolate and other cacao products.

What is Cacao Sustainability?

Cacao sustainability is the practice of producing and consuming cacao products in a way that is economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. This includes reducing deforestation, promoting regenerative farming, minimizing pesticide and fertilizer use, promoting fair trade and living income, implementing fair labor practices, and providing education and outreach to cacao farmers.

Reducing Deforestation

Deforestation is the removal of trees, which can lead to soil erosion, decreased biodiversity, and reduced carbon storage. Cacao sustainability initiatives focus on reducing deforestation by planting trees, preserving existing forests, and increasing the number of shade trees that are grown alongside cacao plants. This provides habitats for wildlife, increases carbon storage, and helps to protect the soil.

Promoting Regenerative Farming

Regenerative farming practices focus on restoring soil health, which in turn helps to promote healthy and productive cacao plants. Regenerative farming techniques include crop rotation, cover cropping, and composting. These techniques help to improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and increase the number of beneficial organisms in the soil.

Minimizing Pesticide and Fertilizer Use

Pesticides and fertilizers are often used in conventional farming practices to increase yields and reduce pest damage. However, these chemicals can be harmful to the environment and to the health of cacao farmers. Cacao sustainability initiatives focus on reducing pesticide and fertilizer use by promoting integrated pest management methods and organic farming practices.

Fair Trade

Fair trade is a practice that focuses on ensuring that cacao farmers receive fair wages for their work. This includes setting minimum prices for cacao, ensuring safe working conditions, and providing access to credit and other financial services. Fair trade also works to connect cacao farmers with buyers, so that they can negotiate prices and directly benefit from the sale of their products.

Living Income

Living income is a measure of the amount of money needed to meet basic needs, such as food, shelter, and healthcare. Cacao sustainability initiatives focus on ensuring that cacao farmers have access to a living income, so that they can provide for their families and have a better quality of life.

Financial Incentives

Financial incentives are additional payments, such as subsidies or grants, that are given to cacao farmers for implementing sustainable practices. These incentives help to reduce the financial burden of adopting sustainable practices, so that farmers can more easily transition to sustainable farming methods.

Fair Labor Practices

Fair labor practices focus on ensuring that cacao farmers are treated fairly and receive adequate compensation for their labor. This includes providing safe working conditions, ensuring that children are not exploited, and guaranteeing the right to collective bargaining.

Community Outreach

Cacao sustainability initiatives focus on providing education and outreach to local communities. This includes providing training on sustainable farming practices, offering access to financial services, and providing health and safety programs.

Education

Education is an important part of cacao sustainability initiatives. This includes providing access to educational materials, offering training programs, and providing resources to help cacao farmers improve their skills and increase their yields.

Impact on Cacao Farmers

Cacao sustainability initiatives have a positive impact on cacao farmers. These initiatives help to ensure that farmers have access to a living income, safe working conditions, and fair wages for their labor. They also help to reduce the financial burden of transitioning to sustainable farming methods.

Impact on Cacao Consumers

Cacao sustainability initiatives also benefit cacao consumers. By ensuring that cacao is produced in a sustainable manner, consumers can be confident that the products they purchase are produced ethically and are better for the environment.

Impact on the Environment

Cacao sustainability initiatives have a positive impact on the environment. These initiatives help to reduce deforestation, promote regenerative farming, and minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers. This helps to protect the soil, increase biodiversity, and reduce carbon emissions.

Global Businesses

Global businesses have been at the forefront of adopting cacao sustainability initiatives. Many major chocolate companies have committed to sourcing their cacao from sustainable sources, and have implemented programs to promote sustainable farming practices.

Sustainable Cacao Brands

Sustainable cacao brands are businesses that focus on sourcing their cacao from sustainable sources and promoting sustainable farming practices. These brands often work directly with cacao farmers, providing them with training and access to financial services.

Cacao Farmers

Cacao farmers also play an important role in the adoption of cacao sustainability initiatives. Farmers who adopt sustainable practices often receive financial incentives, such as subsidies and grants, which help to reduce the financial burden of transitioning to sustainable farming methods.

Summary of Cacao Sustainability Initiatives

Cacao sustainability initiatives focus on producing and consuming cacao products in a way that is economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. These initiatives include reducing deforestation, promoting regenerative farming, minimizing pesticide and fertilizer use, promoting fair trade and living income, implementing fair labor practices, and providing education and outreach to cacao farmers.

Future of Cacao Sustainability

The future of cacao sustainability is a bright one. As more businesses and individuals commit to sourcing their cacao from sustainable sources, and as more cacao farmers adopt sustainable practices, the impact of these initiatives will continue to grow.

References:

1. “Cacao: What it is, Where it Comes From & Why it Matters.” Rainforest Alliance, www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/cacao-what-it-is-where-it-comes-from-why-it-matters.

2. “What is Cacao Sustainability?” World Cacao Foundation, www.worldcacaofoundation.org/sustainability/.

3. “Sustainable Cacao Production.” The Hershey Company, www.thehersheycompany.com/en_us/sustainability/sustainable-sourcing/sustainable-cacao-production.html.

4. “Cocoa Sustainability: An Essential Ingredient for the Future of Chocolate.” World Cocoa Foundation, www.worldcocoafoundation.org/cocoa-sustainability-an-essential-ingredient-for-the-future-of-chocolate/.

5. “Cocoa Sustainability: An Essential Ingredient for the Future of Chocolate.” Rainforest Alliance, www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/cocoa-sustainability.

]]>
The Benefits of Cacao Sustainability https://cacaovm.org/the-benefits-of-cacao-sustainability/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:21:43 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/the-benefits-of-cacao-sustainability/ Cacao, or cocoa, is the essential ingredient in chocolate. It is a bean derived from the seeds of the cacao tree, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. Cacao is used to produce a variety of chocolate products and has become a billion-dollar industry. However, unsustainable practices in cacao production have caused significant environmental, economic, social, and health issues. The need for cacao sustainability has become increasingly important to ensure the continued production of chocolate.

What is Cacao?

Cacao is a species of the genus Theobroma, which translates to “food of the gods” in Greek. The cacao tree produces a pod-like fruit that contains the beans used to make chocolate. Cacao beans are fermented, dried, and roasted to create cocoa powder and chocolate.

Why Cacao Sustainability is Important

Sustainable cacao production is essential for preserving the environment, protecting natural resources, and supporting cacao farmers and their communities. It is also important for producing high-quality cacao with a higher nutrient content and reducing the risk of exposure to pesticides.

Environmental Benefits

Sustainable cacao production reduces the amount of carbon emissions released into the atmosphere. Cacao farmers are encouraged to use efficient methods such as intercropping, cover cropping, and agroforestry to reduce the use of chemical inputs and decrease soil erosion. Additionally, sustainable practices help protect the natural resources used in cacao production, such as water and soil, which are vital to the environment.

Economic Benefits

Cacao sustainability is beneficial for the economic well-being of cacao farmers and their communities. Sustainable practices can increase the yield of cacao, resulting in higher revenues for producers. Additionally, local communities benefit from sustainable production as cacao farmers are able to reinvest their profits into their communities.

Social Benefits

Sustainable cacao production has numerous social benefits, including improved education and increased opportunities for women. Cacao farmers are provided with access to training and resources to improve their knowledge and skills. Sustainable practices also empower women in cacao-producing communities by providing them with economic opportunities.

Health Benefits

Sustainable cacao production is beneficial for the health of consumers. Sustainable practices can result in higher nutrient content in cacao, as well as a reduced risk of exposure to harmful pesticides. Additionally, sustainable production ensures that chocolate products are of the highest quality and safe for consumption.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sustainable cacao production has numerous environmental, economic, social, and health benefits. It reduces the amount of carbon emissions released into the atmosphere, supports local communities, and increases the nutrient content of cacao. What’s more, it provides greater opportunities for women and reduces the risk of pesticide exposure. To ensure the continued production of chocolate and the preservation of the environment, it is essential that cacao production is sustainable.

What More Can be Done?

To ensure the sustainability of cacao production, governments and organizations must continue to support farmers with training and resources. Additionally, consumers should buy chocolate products that are certified as sustainable, such as Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance certified cocoa.

1. “Theobroma cacao L.”, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, Retrieved from: http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp?qs=Theobroma%20cacao

2. “Cacao Sustainability: Why It Matters and How It Can be Achieved”, World Cocoa Foundation, Retrieved from: https://worldcocoafoundation.org/cacao-sustainability-why-it-matters-and-how-it-can-be-achieved/

3. “Cocoa Sustainability Certification: What It Is and Why It Matters”, National Resources Defense Council, Retrieved from: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/cocoa-sustainability-certification-what-it-and-why-it-matters

]]>
How to Start a Cacao Sustainability Business https://cacaovm.org/how-to-start-a-cacao-sustainability-business/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:19:32 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/how-to-start-a-cacao-sustainability-business/ A cacao sustainability business is an organization that works to promote sustainability in cacao production. This type of business provides resources and education to farmers to help them grow, process, and market their cacao in an environmentally-friendly and sustainable way. It is an important part of the effort to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production and ensure that farmers have a steady and reliable income.

The benefits of a cacao sustainability business are numerous. For farmers, it can help them increase their yields, improve the quality of their products, and access new markets. For consumers, it can help ensure that their cacao is sourced from sustainable sources, and producers can benefit from a more reliable and sustainable supply chain.

The first step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to do thorough research and planning. You will need to identify the market, understand the competition, analyze customer needs, and develop a sustainable business plan.

Identify the Market

The first step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to identify the market. You will need to determine who your customers are, what their needs are, and what type of cacao products are in demand. You should also consider the market size and potential for growth.

Understand the Competition

Once you have identified the market, the next step is to understand the competition. Who are the other players in the market, and what are their strengths and weaknesses? Understanding the competition will help you develop a competitive strategy and position yourself in the market.

Analyze Customer Needs

The next step is to analyze customer needs. What are their needs and expectations when it comes to cacao products? Understanding customer needs will help you develop products and services that meet their demands.

Develop a Sustainable Business Plan

Once you have identified the market, understood the competition, and analyzed customer needs, the next step is to develop a sustainable business plan. Your business plan should include information about your goals and objectives, financial projections, marketing strategies, operations plans, and more. It should also include a sustainability plan that outlines how you will ensure that your business is operating in an environmentally-friendly and sustainable way.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to consider the financial aspects. You will need to determine your start-up costs, develop a funding strategy, and explore sources of financing.

Determine Start-up Costs

The first step is to determine your start-up costs. This will include costs for equipment, supplies, materials, labor, and more. You should also consider any costs associated with setting up your business, such as legal fees, licensing fees, and insurance.

Develop a Funding Strategy

Once you have determined your start-up costs, the next step is to develop a funding strategy. This will involve researching potential sources of financing, such as grants, loans, investors, and crowdfunding. You should also consider other sources of funding, such as government incentives and tax credits.

Explore Sources of Financing

Once you have developed a funding strategy, the next step is to explore sources of financing. This may include grants, loans, investors, venture capitalists, crowdfunding, and more. You should carefully evaluate the terms and conditions of each source of financing to ensure that it is the right fit for your business.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to choose a business structure. This will include deciding whether you want to be a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or limited liability company. You will also need to secure licenses and permits, and set up a business bank account.

Choose a Business Structure

The first step is to choose the right business structure for your business. You will need to consider issues such as taxation, liability, and legal requirements. You should consult with an accountant or attorney to make sure that you choose the right structure for your business.

Secure Licenses & Permits

Once you have chosen your business structure, the next step is to secure licenses and permits. Depending on your business, this may include licenses for food production, processing, and sales. You should also research any local and state regulations that may apply to your business.

Set up Business Bank Account

The final step is to set up a business bank account. This will allow you to keep your personal and business finances separate, and make it easier to manage your finances. You should also consider setting up a merchant account so that you can accept credit and debit card payments from customers.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to identify potential locations and evaluate property options. You should also research local regulations and zoning laws to ensure that your business will be in compliance.

Identify Potential Locations

The first step is to identify potential locations for your business. You should consider factors such as access to suppliers, transportation infrastructure, cost of living, and availability of workers. You should also consider the local regulations and zoning laws that may apply.

Evaluate Property Options

Once you have identified potential locations, the next step is to evaluate property options. You should consider factors such as size, layout, and cost. You should also consider any renovations or upgrades that may be necessary to make the property suitable for your business.

Evaluate Local Regulations

The final step is to evaluate local regulations. This may include zoning laws, building codes, health regulations, and more. You should also research any local incentives or tax credits that may be available to help you start and grow your business.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to secure the necessary resources. This may include suppliers, equipment, technology, and human resources.

Secure Suppliers

The first step is to secure suppliers. This may include cacao farmers, processors, and distributors. You should research potential suppliers to ensure that they meet your quality standards and can provide the products and services that you need.

Develop a Human Resources Plan

Once you have secured suppliers, the next step is to develop a human resources plan. This will include details such as staffing requirements, hiring practices, and employee benefits. You should also research local labor laws to ensure that you are in compliance.

Secure Equipment and Technology

The final step is to secure the necessary equipment and technology. This may include processing machines, packaging equipment, computers, and more. You should research potential vendors to ensure that you are getting the best price and quality.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to develop a marketing and promotion strategy. This will include creating a brand, developing a marketing strategy, and developing a social media presence.

Create a Brand

The first step is to create a brand for your business. This will include coming up with a name, logo, and tagline. You should also consider developing a website and other collateral to promote your brand.

Develop a Marketing Strategy

Once you have created a brand, the next step is to develop a marketing strategy. This may include developing a website, creating a presence on social media, and running advertising campaigns. You should also consider creating promotional materials such as flyers, brochures, and business cards.

Develop a Social Media Presence

The final step is to develop a social media presence. This may include creating accounts on popular platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. You should also consider creating content such as videos, blog posts, and podcasts to engage with your customers.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to address legal considerations. This may include protecting your intellectual property, developing terms and conditions, and drafting key business agreements.

Protect Your Intellectual Property

The first step is to protect your intellectual property. This may include filing for patents, trademarks, and copyrights. You should also consider using non-disclosure agreements to protect your proprietary information.

Develop Terms and Conditions

Once you have protected your intellectual property, the next step is to develop terms and conditions. This will outline the rights and responsibilities of both you and your customers. You should also consider developing a privacy policy to protect your customers’ data.

Draft Key Business Agreements

The final step is to draft key business agreements. This may include contracts with suppliers, customers, and partners. You should also consider having an attorney review any agreements before signing.

The next step in starting a cacao sustainability business is to develop an operational plan and implement quality control measures. You should also consider launching the business.

Develop an Operational Plan

The first step is to develop an operational plan. This will outline the key processes and procedures for your business. It should include information about production, logistics, customer service, and more.

Implement Quality Control Measures

Once you have developed an operational plan, the next step is to implement quality control measures. This may include testing your products, implementing safety protocols, and monitoring customer feedback. You should also consider implementing an ISO 9000 certification to ensure that your products meet the highest standards of quality.

Launch the Business

The final step is to launch the business. This may include creating a launch event, advertising, and creating promotional materials. You should also consider setting up a customer support system to ensure that customers can easily reach out with questions or concerns.

Starting a cacao sustainability business is a rewarding and challenging endeavor. It requires careful research and planning, financial considerations, a business structure, resources, marketing and promotion, legal considerations, and implementation. With the right plan and dedication, you can create a successful and sustainable business that makes a positive impact on the environment and the communities it serves.

References:

1. “How to Start a Cacao Sustainability Business”. Cacao Trade Network. https://cacaotradenetwork.com/how-to-start-a-cacao-sustainability-business/

2. “Starting a Cacao Sustainability Business”. Business Made Simple. https://www.businessmadesimple.com/starting-a-cacao-sustainability-business/

3. “Starting a Cacao Sustainability Business: A Step-by-Step Guide”. Berlin School of Business and Innovation. https://www.berlinsbi.com/blog/starting-a-cacao-sustainability-business-a-step-by-step-guide/

]]>
Top 10 Essential Cacao Sustainability Tools https://cacaovm.org/top-10-essential-cacao-sustainability-tools/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:15:56 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/top-10-essential-cacao-sustainability-tools/ Cacao is a widely consumed, beloved food product that is essential to many cultures. But when it comes to sustainability, cacao has long been the center of many debates and efforts to ensure the long-term health of production. Fortunately, there are a variety of tools that can be used to support cacao sustainability.

What is cacao? Cacao is a food item derived from the fruit of the Theobroma cacao tree. It is used to make popular products such as chocolate, cocoa powder, and cocoa butter. It is one of the most popular and widely consumed food items in the world.

What is sustainability? Sustainability is a term that is used to describe efforts to conserve resources and reduce environmental impact. It is an important concept that is used in many different industries and fields, and is especially important when it comes to food production.

Why are these tools important? The tools that are used to ensure cacao sustainability are essential for protecting the environment and ensuring the long-term viability of the industry. Without these tools, the industry could be at risk of environmental destruction, over exploitation, and other negative effects.

The first tool is the use of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. IPM is a type of pest management system that focuses on using natural techniques to reduce pest populations. This includes the use of natural predators, trapping, and other techniques that can be used to reduce pest populations without the use of harmful chemicals.

The benefits of using IPM techniques are numerous. They are more environmentally friendly than traditional chemical-based pest control methods, and they can also be more cost effective. Additionally, IPM techniques can help reduce pest populations without disrupting the natural balance of the ecosystem.

The drawbacks of using IPM techniques are that they can be difficult to implement and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can take longer to see results than traditional chemical-based methods.

The second tool is the use of shade trees to provide protection for cacao plants. Shade trees can help protect cacao plants from the damaging effects of direct sunlight, as well as provide a habitat for beneficial insects and birds. Shade trees also help to reduce water loss from the soil, which can help reduce the need for irrigation.

The benefits of using shade trees are numerous. They can help to reduce water loss from the soil, provide habitat for beneficial insects and birds, and help to protect cacao plants from the damaging effects of direct sunlight. Additionally, shade trees can help to improve the soil fertility and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.

The drawbacks of using shade trees are that they can be difficult to maintain and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can take a long time to mature and become effective.

The third tool is the use of sustainable agricultural practices. Sustainable agricultural practices involve the use of techniques such as crop rotation, intercropping, and integrated nutrient management to improve the health of the soil and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These techniques can help to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production.

The benefits of using sustainable agricultural practices are numerous. They can help to reduce environmental impact, improve soil health, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, sustainable agricultural practices can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using sustainable agricultural practices are that they can be difficult to implement and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can be expensive and time-consuming to implement.

The fourth tool is the use of agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems involve the integration of trees into agricultural systems to provide habitat for beneficial insects and birds, reduce water loss from the soil, and improve soil fertility. They can also help to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

The benefits of using agroforestry systems are numerous. They can help to reduce water loss from the soil, improve soil fertility, provide habitat for beneficial insects and birds, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, agroforestry systems can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using agroforestry systems are that they can be difficult to maintain and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can take a long time to mature and become effective.

The fifth tool is the use of water-saving irrigation systems. These systems involve the use of techniques such as drip irrigation and soil moisture monitoring to reduce water use and improve the efficiency of irrigation. These systems can help to reduce water loss from the soil and improve the health of cacao plantations.

The benefits of using water-saving irrigation systems are numerous. They can help to reduce water loss from the soil, improve the efficiency of irrigation, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, water-saving irrigation systems can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using water-saving irrigation systems are that they can be expensive and difficult to maintain. Additionally, they can be complex to install and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise.

The sixth tool is the use of soil conservation techniques. Soil conservation techniques involve the use of techniques such as contour plowing and terracing to reduce soil erosion and improve soil fertility. These techniques can help to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production.

The benefits of using soil conservation techniques are numerous. They can help to reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, soil conservation techniques can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using soil conservation techniques are that they can be difficult to implement and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can be expensive to implement and can take a long time to become effective.

The seventh tool is the use of sustainable harvesting practices. Sustainable harvesting practices involve the use of techniques such as selective harvesting and proper pruning to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production. These techniques can help to preserve the environment and ensure the long-term viability of the industry.

The benefits of using sustainable harvesting practices are numerous. They can help to reduce environmental impact, improve the quality of the product, and ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Additionally, sustainable harvesting practices can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using sustainable harvesting practices are that they can be difficult to implement and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can be expensive and time-consuming to implement.

The eighth tool is the use of efficient processing techniques. Efficient processing techniques involve the use of techniques such as fermentation and drying to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production. These techniques can help to reduce water use and improve the quality of the product.

The benefits of using efficient processing techniques are numerous. They can help to reduce water use, improve the quality of the product, and reduce the environmental impact of cacao production. Additionally, efficient processing techniques can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields.

The drawbacks of using efficient processing techniques are that they can be difficult to implement and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise. Additionally, they can be expensive and time-consuming to implement.

The ninth tool is the use of sustainable packaging materials. Sustainable packaging materials involve the use of materials such as recycled plastic, paper, and other biodegradable materials to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production. These materials can help to reduce waste and ensure the long-term viability of the industry.

The benefits of using sustainable packaging materials are numerous. They can help to reduce waste, improve the quality of the product, and ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Additionally, sustainable packaging materials can help to reduce the environmental impact of cacao production.

The drawbacks of using sustainable packaging materials are that they can be expensive and difficult to source. Additionally, they can take a long time to become effective.

The tenth tool is the use of certification programs. Certification programs involve the use of standards to ensure that cacao production is sustainable and meets certain environmental and social standards. These programs can help to ensure that production is sustainable and reduce the environmental impact of cacao production.

The benefits of using certification programs are numerous. They can help to ensure that production is sustainable, reduce the environmental impact of cacao production, and ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Additionally, certification programs can help to improve the quality of the product and ensure that it meets certain standards.

The drawbacks of using certification programs are that they can be expensive and difficult to implement. Additionally, they can be time-consuming and require a great deal of knowledge and expertise.

The tools listed above are essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the cacao industry. They can help to reduce environmental impact, improve the quality of the product, and ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Additionally, they can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields. By using these tools, the industry can ensure that it is sustainable and reduce its environmental impact.

The benefits of using these tools are numerous. They can help to reduce environmental impact, improve the quality of the product, and ensure the long-term viability of the industry. Additionally, they can help to improve the productivity of cacao plantations and increase yields. By using these tools, the industry can ensure that it is sustainable and reduce its environmental impact.

Finally, it is important to remember that the use of these tools is not a one-time solution. They must be used in conjunction with other efforts, such as sustainable agricultural practices, to ensure the long-term sustainability of the cacao industry. With the right tools and practices, the cacao industry can ensure its long-term sustainability.

1. “Cacao: An Overview.” Sustainable Food Trust. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://sustainablefoodtrust.org/articles/cacao-an-overview/

2. “Integrated Pest Management (IPM).” National Pesticide Information Center. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://npic.orst.edu/pest/ipm.html

3. “Agroforestry.” The World Agroforestry Centre. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://www.worldagroforestry.org/what-we-do/agroforestry

4. “Sustainable Packaging.” Sustainable Brands. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://www.sustainablebrands.com/dictionary/sustainable_packaging

5. “Cocoa Certification Programs.” World Cocoa Foundation. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://worldcocoafoundation.org/cocoa-certification-programs/

]]>
Understanding the Basics of Cacao Sustainability https://cacaovm.org/understanding-the-basics-of-cacao-sustainability/ Thu, 09 Feb 2023 11:12:29 +0000 https://cacaovm.org/understanding-the-basics-of-cacao-sustainability/ Cacao, or Theobroma Cacao, is a tropical evergreen tree widely cultivated for its seeds, which are used to make cocoa, chocolate, and other food products. Sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. When it comes to cacao, sustainability means producing and processing cocoa beans in a way that takes into consideration the environment, social, and economic impacts of cacao production.

History of Cacao Sustainability

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, cacao production was largely a local, small-scale operation. Farmers grew cacao trees on plots of land interplanted with other crops such as banana and yam, and the cacao beans were processed and sold locally.

The Industrial Revolution led to the cultivation of large-scale monocultures of cacao trees, which had a significant environmental and social impact. This change in production methods led to increased pressure on the environment and the exploitation of labor, particularly child labor.

In modern times, there has been a growing awareness of the need for sustainable cacao production. Companies and governments are working together to address the environmental, social, and economic impacts of cacao production.

Environmental Impact of Cacao Production

The environmental impacts of cacao production include deforestation, the release of greenhouse gases, and soil erosion.

Deforestation is a major problem in cacao-producing countries, as it leads to the loss of habitat for wildlife and can lead to desertification.

Cacao production also contributes to the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, that contribute to global warming.

Soil erosion is another environmental impact of cacao production, as it can lead to the loss of soil fertility and the degradation of soil quality.

Social Impact of Cacao Production

The social impacts of cacao production include labor practices, child labor, and gender inequality.

Cacao production is often characterized by poor labor practices, such as low wages and long hours.

Child labor is also a major problem in the cacao industry, with children as young as five being employed in the harvesting of cacao beans.

Finally, gender inequality is also a problem in the cacao industry, as women are often excluded from decision-making roles and are paid less than their male counterparts.

Economic Impact of Cacao Production

The economic impacts of cacao production include income inequality, market over-production, and fair trade.

Income inequality is a major problem in the cacao industry, as the majority of profits are concentrated in the hands of a few large companies.

Market over-production is also a problem, as too much supply can lead to lower prices and a decrease in profits for farmers.

Finally, fair trade is an important economic issue in the cacao industry, as it ensures that farmers receive a fair price for their product.

Strategies for Achieving Cacao Sustainability

There are a number of strategies that can be employed to achieve cacao sustainability. These include planting shade trees, crop rotation, and the use of organic fertilizers.

Planting shade trees can help to reduce deforestation and soil erosion, as well as provide habitat for wildlife.

Crop rotation can help to improve soil fertility and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.

The use of organic fertilizers can help to reduce the environmental impacts of chemical fertilizers, such as runoff into waterways.

Impact of Consumer Choices

Consumer choices can have a significant impact on the sustainability of cacao production. Consumers can choose to support direct trade, purchase organic or non-organic products, and look for certified sustainable cacao.

Direct trade ensures that farmers receive a fair price for their cacao and that their rights are respected.

Organic products are grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals, reducing the environmental impacts of cacao production.

Certified sustainable cacao is grown and processed in a way that meets certain standards of sustainability.

Benefits of Sustainable Cacao Production

The benefits of sustainable cacao production are numerous. These include the preservation of biodiversity, improved quality of life for producers, and financial returns.

The preservation of biodiversity is critical in order to maintain the health of ecosystems and the services they provide, such as pollination and pest control.

Sustainable cacao production can also lead to improved quality of life for producers, as they can earn a living wage and have access to healthcare and education.

Finally, sustainable cacao production can lead to financial returns, as farmers can earn a higher price for their product and have access to new markets.

Conclusion

Cacao sustainability is an important issue, as it has significant environmental, social, and economic impacts. By understanding the history and current state of cacao sustainability, we can better understand the strategies that can be employed to achieve sustainable production. Consumers also have an important role to play in supporting sustainable production, by choosing to purchase direct trade, organic, and certified sustainable cacao products. The benefits of sustainable cacao production are numerous, and include the preservation of biodiversity, improved quality of life for producers, and financial returns.

References

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019, June 11). Theobroma Cacao L. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/a0695e/a0695e.pdf

2. Fairtrade International. (n.d.). What is Fairtrade? Retrieved from https://www.fairtrade.net/what-is-fairtrade.html

3. World Cocoa Foundation. (n.d.). Cocoa Sustainability. Retrieved from https://worldcocoafoundation.org/sustainability/

Further Reading

1. Gedney, D. J., & Hurst, L. (2017). Sustainable cocoa production: challenges and opportunities. Sustainability, 9(6), 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061055

2. Rodenburg, J., & Ndunguru, G. (2012). Sustainable cocoa: From crop to cocoa bean. Agricultural Systems, 108, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004

3. Schierhorn, F., & Büchs, M. (2017). Sustainability of cocoa production: A review of the environmental, social, and economic aspects. Sustainability, 9(4), 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040603

]]>